Electricity generation is a fundamental aspect of modern societies, serving as a vital source of power for various sectors, including residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation. This essential process involves the conversion of various energy sources into electrical energy, enabling the efficient distribution and utilization of power across diverse applications. The diversity of energy sources used for electricity generation is vast, reflecting the ongoing efforts to balance energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic considerations. Fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, and oil, have long been significant contributors to electricity generation due to their abundance and accessibility. Nuclear power plants, harnessing nuclear reactions to produce heat and generate electricity, provide a steady and low-carbon energy supply. Electricity generation encompasses various types of power plants, including electricity-only plants and combined heat and power plants. Electricity-only plants focus solely on electricity production, optimizing efficiency and output for electricity supply. Both main activity producer plants and autoproducer plants are integral components of the electricity generation landscape. Main activity producers are entities that generate electricity primarily for sale to third parties, serving as the core activity of their operations. These producers play a critical role in meeting the electricity demand of the broader market and are often major players in the energy sector. Measuring electricity generation involves the use of standard units, such as gigawatt hours (GWh), which quantify the total electrical energy produced over a specific time frame. This metric provides a clear indication of the scale and magnitude of electricity generation, enabling comparisons across different regions and time periods.

Crude oil import prices come from the IEA's Crude Oil Import Register and are influenced not only by traditional movements of supply and demand, but also by other factors such as geopolitics. Information is collected from national agencies according to the type of crude oil, by geographic origin and by quality of crude. Average prices are obtained by dividing value by volume as recorded by customs administrations for each tariff position. Values are recorded at the time of import and include cost, insurance and freight, but exclude import duties. The nominal crude oil spot price from 2003 to 2011 is for Dubai and from 1970 to 2002 for Arabian Light. This indicator is measured in USD per barrel of oil. The real price was calculated using the deflator for GDP at market prices and rebased with reference year 1970 = 100. The fluctuations in crude oil import prices have far-reaching implications for global economies and societies. As one of the most traded commodities worldwide, crude oil's price movements can significantly impact inflation rates, trade balances, energy costs for consumers and industries, and overall economic growth. Geopolitical events, such as conflicts in oil-producing regions, supply disruptions, and political decisions by major oil-producing countries, often trigger price fluctuations and volatility in the crude oil market. The interplay between geopolitical factors and traditional supply-demand dynamics underscores the complexity of the oil market and its sensitivity to external shocks.

Primary energy supply plays a pivotal role in assessing and understanding a country's energy landscape and its dependency on energy resources. This metric is calculated by summing up energy production and energy imports while subtracting energy exports and international bunkers. Additionally, it takes into account stock changes, reflecting fluctuations in energy inventories. To ensure consistency and comparability among different energy sources, the International Energy Agency (IEA) adopts a standardized unit of account called "tonne of oil equivalent" (toe). One toe is defined as 107 kilocalories(41.868 gigajoules of energy content). The concept of gross and net calorific value is essential in calculating primary energy supply for different fuels. The gross calorific value represents the total energy content of the fuel, including the latent heat of vaporization of water produced during combustion. The net calorific value, on the other hand, accounts for the latent heat of vaporization, which is subtracted from the gross calorific value. For coal and oil, the net calorific value is approximately 5% less than the gross, while for most forms of natural and manufactured gas, the difference is around 9-10%. The IEA employs the physical energy content method to calculate energy balances and determine the primary energy equivalent in tonnes of oil equivalent. This approach ensures that the energy content of various fuels is accurately reflected, enabling meaningful comparisons between different energy sources. Furthermore, expressing primary energy supply in toe per 1,000 USD offers insights into the energy intensity of an economy. A lower value suggests that the country is using energy more efficiently to produce its goods and services, indicating a higher level of energy productivity. Conversely, a higher value indicates higher energy consumption relative to economic output, highlighting potential areas for improving energy efficiency and resource management.

Bu veri seti elektrik dağıtım şirketlerinde önemli bir role sahip olan Ar-Ge çalışmaları, hayata geçirilen projeler hakkında bilgileri içermektedir. Veri setinde proje gerçekleştiren şirket, projenin amacı, ait olduğu kategori, proje dönemi ve süresi, tamamlanma durumu ile ilgili kayıtlar bulunmaktadır. Ek olarak kullanıcılara projenin ilerleme aşamalarını da detaylı incelemelerine olanak sağlamak için ara dönem, sonuç raporlarının indirilebileceği bağlantılar da eklenmiştir. Çeşitli şirketlerin Ar-Ge çalışmalarını içeren bu veri seti elektrik enerjisi sektöründe yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları vb projeler hakkında detaylı bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen akademisyenler, bu alanda araştırma yapmak isteyen bireyler, şirketler için faydalı kaynak olarak incelenebilir.